Firefox was well received by many, taking significant market share from Internet Explorer. This started to change in 2004, when the successor of Netscape, Mozilla, released the Firefox browser. Thus ECMAScript 4 was mothballed.ĭuring the period of Internet Explorer dominance in the early 2000s, client-side scripting was stagnant. Microsoft initially participated in the standards process and implemented some proposals in its JScript language, but eventually it stopped collaborating on Ecma work. This meant that JScript became the de facto standard for client-side scripting on the Web. By the early 2000s, Internet Explorer's market share reached 95%. Meanwhile, Microsoft gained an increasingly dominant position in the browser market. The standards process continued for a few years, with the release of ECMAScript 2 in June 1998 and ECMAScript 3 in December 1999. This led to the official release of the first ECMAScript language specification in June 1997. In November 1996, Netscape submitted JavaScript to Ecma International, as the starting point for a standard specification that all browser vendors could conform to. These differences made it difficult for developers to make their websites work well in both browsers, leading to widespread use of "best viewed in Netscape" and "best viewed in Internet Explorer" logos for several years. Each of these implementations was noticeably different from their counterparts in Navigator. JScript was first released in 1996, alongside initial support for CSS and extensions to HTML. On the JavaScript front, Microsoft reverse-engineered the Navigator interpreter to create its own, called JScript. Microsoft debuted Internet Explorer in 1995, leading to a browser war with Netscape. At the time, the dot-com boom had begun and Java was the hot new language, so Eich considered the JavaScript name a marketing ploy by Netscape. The choice of the JavaScript name has caused confusion, implying that it is directly related to Java. Although the new language and its interpreter implementation were called LiveScript when first shipped as part of a Navigator beta in September 1995, the name was changed to JavaScript for the official release in December. Netscape management soon decided that the best option was for Eich to devise a new language, with syntax similar to Java and less like Scheme or other extant scripting languages. They pursued two routes to achieve this: collaborating with Sun Microsystems to embed the Java programming language, while also hiring Brendan Eich to embed the Scheme language.
There was a desire in the burgeoning web development scene to remove this limitation, so in 1995, Netscape decided to add a scripting language to Navigator. ĭuring these formative years of the Web, web pages could only be static, lacking the capability for dynamic behavior after the page was loaded in the browser. The lead developers of Mosaic then founded the Netscape corporation, which released a more polished browser, Netscape Navigator, in 1994. Accessible to non-technical people, it played a prominent role in the rapid growth of the nascent World Wide Web. The first web browser with a graphical user interface, Mosaic, was released in 1993. 5.4 Object-orientation (prototype-based).The most popular runtime system for this usage is Node.js.Īlthough Java and JavaScript are similar in name, syntax, and respective standard libraries, the two languages are distinct and differ greatly in design. JavaScript engines were originally used only in web browsers, but are now core components of some servers and a variety of applications. In practice, the web browser or other runtime system provides JavaScript APIs for I/O. The ECMAScript standard does not include any input/output (I/O), such as networking, storage, or graphics facilities.
It has application programming interfaces (APIs) for working with text, dates, regular expressions, standard data structures, and the Document Object Model (DOM). It is multi-paradigm, supporting event-driven, functional, and imperative programming styles. It has dynamic typing, prototype-based object-orientation, and first-class functions. JavaScript is a high-level, often just-in-time compiled language that conforms to the ECMAScript standard.
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All major web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine to execute the code on users' devices. Over 97% of websites use JavaScript on the client side for web page behavior, often incorporating third-party libraries. JavaScript ( / ˈ dʒ ɑː v ə s k r ɪ p t/), often abbreviated JS, is a programming language that is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. Java, Scheme, Self, AWK, HyperTalk ĪctionScript, AssemblyScript, CoffeeScript, Dart, Haxe, JS++, Objective-J, Opa, TypeScript publications-and-standards /standards /ecma-262 /
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